Teachers are the backbone of every classroom, yet many states across the U.S. are struggling to keep enough of them in front of students. Teacher shortages have been brewing for years, but now, a perfect storm of high turnover, population booms, and low pay in some regions is pushing the system to a tipping point. Overcrowded classrooms not only strain teachers but also risk undermining the quality of education for millions of students.
A new study conducted by University of Technology Sydney Online reveals where the problem is most severe. Using data from the National Education Association, the study ranks all 50 states and Washington, D.C., based on their student-to-teacher ratios, a clear indicator of where schools are feeling the pressure.
1. Nevada – 25.4 Students per Teacher
Nevada holds the unfortunate title of having the most crowded classrooms in the country. With an average of 25.4 students per teacher, well above the national average, the state is facing a critical shortage. The issues stem from a combination of rapid population growth in cities like Las Vegas and challenges in teacher recruitment. Nevada has historically struggled with low teacher retention, and this ratio highlights just how stretched its education system has become.
2. Arizona – 22.8 Students per Teacher
Coming in second is Arizona, with a student-to-teacher ratio of 22.8. The state has long battled low teacher pay, limited benefits, and a high turnover rate. Even with efforts to incentivize recruitment, many educators leave the profession early or relocate to neighboring states with better compensation. Arizona’s ongoing teacher shortage has been a topic of statewide concern for years, and the data shows the issue remains unresolved.
3. Utah – 22.2 Students per Teacher
Utah’s ranking isn’t entirely surprising. With one of the fastest-growing populations in the U.S. and the nation’s highest birth rate, demand for teachers is growing rapidly. Despite efforts to expand school infrastructure, the state’s education workforce hasn’t kept pace. The 22.2 student-to-teacher ratio reflects the strain on schools trying to serve an expanding student population.
4. Florida – 20.7 Students per Teacher
Florida has introduced controversial policies in recent years to address its teacher shortage, including relaxing certification requirements. Still, its ratio of 20.7 students per teacher suggests that schools are far from fully staffed. The state has been trying to attract out-of-state teachers and retirees, but challenges persist, especially in rural areas and for specialized subjects like STEM and special education.
5. California – 20.0 Students per Teacher
Despite a substantial education budget, California continues to face teacher shortages. The student-to-teacher ratio of 20 points to overcrowded classrooms, particularly in urban districts. High housing costs, educator burnout, and a decline in people pursuing teaching degrees all contribute to the issue. Even in one of the wealthiest states in the U.S., money alone hasn’t solved the staffing problem.
6. Alaska – 18.7 Students per Teacher
Alaska’s education system deals with a unique set of challenges. Although the total student population is small, recruiting and retaining teachers is difficult due to the state’s remote location and high cost of living. Many educators are flown into rural villages, and turnover remains high. At 18.7 students per teacher, the ratio reflects how logistical barriers can hinder staffing even when enrollment is low.
7. Idaho – 17.8 Students per Teacher
Like Utah, Idaho has been growing rapidly thanks to domestic migration. As families move into the state, the public education system has struggled to keep up. With a ratio of 17.8, Idaho isn’t at crisis level yet, but the trend suggests it could be heading there without timely intervention. The state’s teacher pipeline has been slow to respond to this population surge.
8. Oregon – 17.4 Students per Teacher
Oregon ranks eighth, and much of the shortage can be attributed to budgetary constraints and insufficient investment in public education. Some school districts have been forced to freeze hiring or consolidate classes, leading to more students per teacher. Educators in Oregon have also reported rising levels of burnout, exacerbating the problem.
9. Ohio – 17.2 Students per Teacher
Ohio’s teacher shortage is less about rapid population growth and more about a dwindling interest in the profession. With fewer college students pursuing teaching degrees, the state is facing a slow-moving but significant supply issue. At 17.2 students per teacher, the ratio shows how even states without booming populations aren’t immune to shortages.
10. Indiana – 16.9 Students per Teacher
Rounding out the top 10 is Indiana, where shortages tend to be more subject-specific. The state has reported particular difficulty hiring teachers in math, science, and special education. Fewer graduates entering the teaching field has further deepened the shortage, contributing to the 16.9 student-to-teacher ratio and stressing an already stretched system.
Full list of states most in need of teachers:
| Rank | State | Students per teacher |
| 1 | Nevada | 25.4 |
| 2 | Arizona | 22.8 |
| 3 | Utah | 22.2 |
| 4 | Florida | 20.7 |
| 5 | California | 20 |
| 6 | Alaska | 18.7 |
| 7 | Idaho | 17.8 |
| 8 | Oregon | 17.4 |
| 9 | Ohio | 17.2 |
| 10 | Indiana | 16.9 |
| 11 | Michigan | 16.7 |
| 12 | Washington | 16.7 |
| 13 | Colorado | 16.5 |
| 14 | Kentucky | 16.4 |
| 15 | Oklahoma | 16.4 |
| 16 | Hawaii | 15.5 |
| 17 | Alabama | 15.4 |
| 18 | Arkansas | 15.3 |
| 19 | Minnesota | 15.2 |
| 20 | North Carolina | 14.9 |
| 21 | Texas | 14.8 |
| 22 | Tennessee | 14.7 |
| 23 | Wisconsin | 14.6 |
| 24 | Georgia | 14.5 |
| 25 | South Carolina | 14.5 |
| 26 | Louisiana | 14.2 |
| 27 | Maryland | 14.2 |
| 28 | Kansas | 14.1 |
| 29 | Delaware | 14 |
| 30 | Illinois | 13.8 |
| 31 | Pennsylvania | 13.8 |
| 32 | South Dakota | 13.8 |
| 33 | Mississippi | 13.7 |
| 34 | New Mexico | 13.7 |
| 35 | Montana | 13.6 |
| 36 | Iowa | 13.4 |
| 37 | West Virginia | 13 |
| 38 | Rhode Island | 12.7 |
| 39 | Wyoming | 12.6 |
| 40 | North Dakota | 12.5 |
| 41 | Nebraska | 12.4 |
| 42 | Connecticut | 12.2 |
| 43 | Virginia | 11.9 |
| 44 | Maine | 11.8 |
| 45 | Massachusetts | 11.8 |
| 46 | New Jersey | 11.8 |
| 47 | Missouri | 11.7 |
| 48 | District of Columbia | 11.3 |
| 49 | New York | 11.1 |
| 50 | New Hampshire | 10.7 |
| 51 | Vermont | 10.6 |
Methodology
The study used public US data on student-to-teacher ratios to identify which states face the greatest need for teachers due to high numbers of students per teacher.
Source
National Education Association