By: Terry Grant
Researchers at Arizona State University (ASU) have developed a groundbreaking bio-inspired robotic actuator that could redefine the future of soft robotics. The innovation enables lighter, more flexible robots that operate without external power sources, withstand extreme environments, and lift up to 100 times their own weight.
The research, detailed in the paper “Versatile Artificial Muscles by Decoupling Anisotropy,” was led by Eric Weissman, a doctoral student in ASU’s Robotic Actuators and Dynamics Lab, with contributions from lab director Jiefeng Sun, assistant professor at the School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy.
A Breakthrough in Artificial Muscle Design
The team developed helical anisotropically reinforced polymer (HARP) actuators—artificial muscles that mimic natural muscle contraction and expansion. These soft, tube-like structures expand and contract when inflated with small amounts of air, delivering powerful yet lightweight performance.
“Essentially, we developed a novel artificial muscle that mimics real muscles,” said Eric Weissman. “While bio-inspired muscles previously existed, we have made them more versatile, more lightweight, and more powerful.”
Unlike traditional motor-based robots, which are often heavy and rigid, HARP actuators provide enhanced flexibility, quiet operation, and improved energy efficiency—making them ideal for next-generation soft robotics.
Enhanced Mobility Without External Power
The reduced pressure requirement of the actuators enables robots to function independently without needing external power connections.
“Because of their versatility and adaptability, we reduced the pressure requirement significantly,” Eric Weissman explained. “This allowed us to create a robot that can walk independently while carrying everything it needs.”
Wide-Ranging Applications Across Industries
The innovation opens up transformative possibilities across multiple sectors:
- Disaster Response: Soft robots can navigate debris and collapsed structures to locate survivors.
- Healthcare & Home Assistance: Robots can assist elderly individuals with daily tasks safely.
- Industrial & Marine Environments: The actuators can withstand high heat, making them suitable for extreme conditions like thermal vents.
- Agriculture: Flexible systems can aid in delicate tasks such as pollination without damaging crops.
Bionic Elephant Arm Expands Capabilities
In parallel, ASU researchers are advancing another soft robotics innovation—a “bionic elephant arm” led by doctoral student Jiahe Wang. Inspired by the dexterity of an elephant’s trunk, the robotic arm can maneuver around obstacles to perform inspection and manipulation tasks.
“This type of soft robotic system enables safer, more adaptable automation,” said Jiahe Wang. “Its flexible design reduces the risk of damage to equipment and injury to people.”
The system is particularly suited for complex environments such as chemical plants, production lines, and agricultural fields, where precision and safety are critical.
Advancing the Future of Robotics
The research team has secured a provisional patent through ASU’s Skysong innovation hub and received an academic grant from NVIDIA to support further development.
Looking ahead, Jiefeng Sun envisions broad adoption of these soft, compliant systems across industries, including space exploration.
“By using space-grade materials, we can provide mobility, agility, and ease of motion in devices designed for both astronauts and robots,” he said.
