By-Dr. Ajay Mehta, Director & Chief of Surgical oncology, HCG Cancer Centre, Nagpur
Prostate cancer remains one of the most significant health challenges faced by men worldwide. As the second most frequently diagnosed cancer in men, it affects an estimated 1 in 8 during their lifetime. Despite this, the disease often progresses quietly in its early stages, with few or no symptoms, which underscores the vital role of regular health check-ups and awareness. Proactive screening and education about risk factors have been proven to dramatically improve treatment success, making early detection a cornerstone in the fight against this condition. Advances in medical science continue to shed light on effective diagnostic and therapeutic measures, offering hope for men and their families.
What Is Prostate Cancer?
The prostate is a walnut-sized gland located below the bladder, responsible for producing seminal fluid, which nourishes and transports sperm. Prostate cancer begins when cells within the gland start multiplying uncontrollably. While many cases develop slowly and remain localized, others can progress aggressively, posing a serious threat to health.
Early Warning Signs May Include:
• Frequent urination, especially at night
• Difficulty starting or stopping urination
• A weak or irregular urine stream
• Blood in the urine or semen
• Discomfort or pain in the pelvis or lower back
Many men, however, do not experience these symptoms during the early stages, making routine prostate cancer screenings a critical tool for detection.
The Importance of Early Detection
Catching prostate cancer in its initial stages can be life-saving. Early-stage prostate cancer is often confined to the gland and responds well to treatment, whether through surgery, radiation therapy, or active surveillance. Early intervention not only increases the chances of successful outcomes but also allows for a broader range of less invasive treatment options.
How Is Prostate Cancer Screened?
Screening typically involves two primary methods:
1. Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test: This blood test measures PSA levels, which may rise due to prostate cancer or other conditions like infections or benign enlargement.
2. Digital Rectal Exam (DRE): A physical exam where a healthcare provider checks the prostate for any unusual lumps or abnormalities.
Men over 50—or earlier for those with a family history or higher-risk demographics—are encouraged to discuss these screening options with their doctor to determine what’s appropriate for them.
Risk Factors You Should Know
• Age: Risk escalates after 50
• Family History: Having a predisposed family history of prostate cancer doubles the likelihood of diagnosis
• Lifestyle Choices: Diets high in red and processed meats, obesity, and lack of exercise may elevate risk levels
Steps Toward Prevention and Wellness
While some risk factors, such as genetics or age, cannot be changed, a proactive lifestyle can help reduce the likelihood of prostate cancer.
1. Healthy Diet: A nutrient-rich diet emphasizing vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and foods like tomatoes (for lycopene) or fatty fish (rich in omega-3s) supports prostate health.
2. Stay Active: Regular physical activity lowers inflammation and helps maintain a healthy weight, both of which reduce cancer risks.
3. Prioritize Screenings: Integrating prostate checks into annual health exams allows for early identification and timely care.
Changing the Approach to Men’s Health
Cultural stigma and hesitation often prevent men from addressing health concerns early. Initiatives that normalize conversations around prostate health—through awareness campaigns, support groups, and family dialogues—can drive positive change.
Promoting openness not only empowers men to prioritize their well-being but also encourages a preventive mindset, reducing the emotional and physical toll of advanced cancer diagnoses.